Pilsner Urquell Brewery, founded in 1842 in Pilsen, Czech Republic, is renowned for its pioneering brewing techniques that have shaped the world of lager beers. This historic brewery is often credited with creating the first pale lager, and its unique methods continue to set it apart from other breweries around the globe. Below are the key brewing techniques that contribute to the distinct flavor and quality of Pilsner Urquell beer.
1. Traditional Open Fermentation
One of the hallmarks of Pilsner Urquell's brewing process is its use of traditional open fermentation. Unlike closed fermentation vessels, open fermentation allows for a more natural and nuanced interaction between the yeast and the beer. This method contributes to the beer's rich flavors and complex aromas, providing a more authentic taste profile that is deeply rooted in tradition.
2. Use of Soft Pilsen Water
The soft water sourced from the local wells in Pilsen plays a crucial role in the brewing process. This mineral-rich water is low in calcium, which allows for a smoother taste and enhances the beer's crisp finish. The unique composition of the water is integral to the character of Pilsner Urquell, allowing the delicate balance of malt sweetness and hop bitterness to shine through.
3. Variety of Malts
Pilsner Urquell uses a simple yet carefully chosen selection of malts. The primary malt used is pale Pilsner malt, which imparts a distinctive golden color and offers a light, bready backbone. The brewers also utilize caramel malts in smaller quantities, adding depth and complexity to the flavor without overwhelming the traditional profile.
4. Triple decoction mash
Pilsner Urquell employs a traditional triple decoction mash technique, a labor-intensive process that involves heating the mash in multiple stages. This method not only enhances the extraction of sugars from the malt but also contributes to the beer's mouthfeel and body. By carefully controlling the temperature at each stage, the brewers can develop a fuller flavor and aroma profile, resulting in a uniquely balanced lager.
5. Use of Saaz Hops
Another distinctive feature of Pilsner Urquell is the use of Saaz hops, a variety that originated in the Czech region. Known for their mild and earthy characteristics, Saaz hops contribute subtle herbal and floral notes, perfectly complementing the malt sweetness. The timing of hop additions during brewing is meticulously planned to achieve the desired bitterness and aroma, ensuring that the hops highlight rather than overpower the beer.
6. Lagering Process
After fermentation, Pilsner Urquell undergoes a cold lagering process that lasts for a minimum of 90 days. This extended maturation allows the flavors to meld together harmoniously, resulting in a smoother and cleaner finish. The lagering period is critical for developing the beer's characteristic crispness and clarity, making it a refreshing choice for beer lovers.
7. Unfiltered and Unpasteurized
In keeping with its commitment to quality and tradition, Pilsner Urquell is both unfiltered and unpasteurized. This approach allows the natural ingredients and flavors to remain intact, creating a fuller-bodied beer with a richer taste experience. The unfiltered nature also contributes to the beer's cloudiness, which is a testament to its authenticity and true craftsmanship.
In conclusion, the unique brewing techniques of Pilsner Urquell Brewery reflect centuries of tradition and innovation. From open fermentation and soft Pilsen water to the meticulous use of Saaz hops, each step of the brewing process is carefully crafted to produce a beer that is not only refreshing but also rich in flavor. As a pioneer in the brewing world, Pilsner Urquell continues to uphold its legacy, producing a lager that remains beloved by beer enthusiasts worldwide.